Haemorrhoids (Piles) Treatment and Surgery

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower part of the rectum and anus. They can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding during bowel movements.

When Does Surgery Become Necessary

Surgery is recommended for haemorrhoids when conservative treatments, such as over-the-counter creams, lifestyle changes, and dietary modifications, fail to provide relief. Severe or persistent haemorrhoids may require surgical intervention to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Overview of the Surgical Procedure

Haemorrhoid surgery aims to remove or reduce the size of haemorrhoids, thereby relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Various surgical techniques are available, including haemorrhoidectomy, stapled haemorrhoidopexy, rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, laser haemorrhoidectomy, and radiofrequency treatment.

Surgical Procedures Explained

• Haemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of haemorrhoids.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy (PPH): Procedure that lifts and fixes haemorrhoids in place using a stapling device.
• Rubber Band Ligation: Placement of rubber bands around the base of haemorrhoids to cut off blood supply, causing them to shrink and fall off.
• Sclerotherapy: Injection of a chemical solution into haemorrhoids to shrink them.
• Laser Haemorrhoidectomy: Use of laser energy to remove or shrink haemorrhoids.
• Radiofrequency (Rafaelo): Application of radiofrequency energy to shrink haemorrhoids.

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Related Concerns

Complications associated with haemorrhoids include pain, bleeding, infection, and anal stricture.

Causes of the Issues

Haemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure in the rectal and anal veins, often due to straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, obesity, or chronic constipation or diarrhea.

Treatment Approaches

Treatment options for haemorrhoids include conservative measures (e.g., creams, lifestyle changes), minimally invasive procedures (e.g., rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy), and surgical interventions (e.g., haemorrhoidectomy, stapled haemorrhoidopexy).

Service Overview

Surgical treatments for haemorrhoids aim to remove or reduce the size of the swollen veins, providing symptom relief and preventing complications. The choice of procedure depends on the severity of the condition, patient preferences, and the surgeon's expertise.

Step-by-Step Guide to Haemorrhoidectomy

1. The patient is placed under anesthesia.
2. The surgeon makes an incision around the haemorrhoid.
3. The haemorrhoid is removed, and the wound is closed with sutures or staples.
4. A dressing is applied to the surgical site.
5. The patient is monitored during recovery and discharged when stable. ### Conditions Warranting Haemorrhoid Surgery Haemorrhoid surgery is recommended when conservative treatments fail to provide relief. Conditions warranting surgery include severe or persistent haemorrhoids, complications such as thrombosed haemorrhoids, and significant impact on the patient's quality of life. ### Benefits of Haemorrhoid Surgery The surgery can provide long-term relief from symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the patient's quality of life. ### Risks of Haemorrhoid Surgery Potential risks include pain, bleeding, infection, anal stricture, and recurrence of haemorrhoids. ### Preparation for Surgery Patients may be advised to adjust their diet, avoid certain medications, and prepare for a recovery period at home. ### Pre-surgery Procedures and Checks At the hospital, patients undergo a physical examination, review of medical history, and possibly additional tests to ensure they are fit for surgery. ### Postoperative Care Post-surgery care includes pain management, wound care, dietary adjustments, and follow-up appointments to monitor recovery. ### Recovery and Rehabilitation Recovery time varies but most patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks. Physical therapy and exercises are not typically required for haemorrhoid surgery. ### Alternatives to Surgery Non-surgical treatments include over-the-counter creams, lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and minimally invasive procedures such as rubber band ligation and sclerotherapy. ## References
6. NHS. (2021). Haemorrhoids (piles).
7. American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons. (2021). Hemorrhoids: Expanded Version.
8. Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Hemorrhoidectomy: What to Expect at Home.
9. Private Healthcare UK. (2021). Haemorrhoidectomy cost.
10. MedlinePlus. (2021). Hemorrhoid surgery.

• NHS. (2021). Haemorrhoids (piles).
• American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons. (2021). Hemorrhoids: Expanded Version.
• Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Hemorrhoidectomy: What to Expect at Home.
• Private Healthcare UK. (2021). Haemorrhoidectomy cost.
• MedlinePlus. (2021). Hemorrhoid surgery.